Treatment is specific to the type of diabetes, with glycemic control as the goal in all types insulin replacement is essential in type 1, and a healthy diet, lifestyle changes, and medications are important in type 2. Long-term monitoring and maintenance of optimal blood glucose levels are key to preventing complications. The objective of management is the prevention of complications, which may include coronary artery disease, CKD, retinopathy, and neuropathy. Genetically determined causes of diabetes (e.g., maturity-onset diabetes of the young and late autoimmune diabetes in adults) are being increasingly recognized, but they make up a small portion of cases.
Type 2 DM has a significant association with obesity and is characterized by insulin resistance, as well as relative insulin deficiency. Type 1 DM is diagnosed mostly in children and young adults as the result of autoimmune destruction of β cells in the pancreas and the resulting lack of insulin. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia and dysfunction of the regulation of glucose metabolism by insulin.
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